Spanning the Digital Divide: understanding and tackling the issues

Submitted by Editor on 20 May, 2001 - 18:17.

This report reviews basic facts about ICT access and use, examines approaches to the problems, and provides an extensive list of resources for further information. It reflects on what is working best and what is failing—and why. It illustrates the key elements necessary for integrating technology into society in an effective, sustainable way so that people can put technology to use to improve their lives: what we call “real access” to technology. Originally published in 2001, this bridges.org seminal piece continues to be cited as one of the most influential reports in the field.

View: Roadmap to the Report | Executive Summary | Public announcement
Jump to: Table of contents

Table of contents

Executive Summary
1 Introduction
1.1 The fervour about the digital divide
1.2 What is the real problem?
1.3 Why another report on the digital divide?
1.4 Our Suggestions For What Is Needed
2 International and Domestic Digital Divides
2.1 What Are We Measuring?
2.2 Disparities in ICT Use Between Countries – the International Divide
2.3 Disparities Within Countries – Domestic Divides
2.4 The Future of Digital Divides
2.5 Analysis
2.6 What Knowledge is Missing?
3 Studies And Recommendations
3.1 Who is Measuring Digital Divides?
3.2 Who is Recommending New Policies and Programs?
3.3 Directing Scarce Resources to Move Beyond Studies
4 On the Ground Efforts to Bridge the Digital Divide
4.1 Initiatives
4.2 Understanding the Initiatives
4.3 Drawing Out Lessons and Best Practices
5 Policy and Digital Divides
5.1 Policy Goals (Perspectives)
5.2 Summary of Relevant Policies
5.3 Current and Planned Policies
5.4 Analysis
5.5 What is Missing?
6 Conclusions
Annexes (attached separately)
1. Perspectives on the Digital Divide
2. Statistics Used to Measure the Digital Divide
3. Reports Measuring the Digital Divide
4. On the Ground Initiatives in the Developing World
5. Relevant Policies
6. Policy Organizations – Key to Abbreviations
7. Measuring Policy: Aggregated Data from the World Bank
8. Case Study: South African Telecommunications Policy
9. Other Resources
10. Bibliography
Submitted by Uggss on 2 September, 2010 - 03:20.

In this cold winter,Ugg Classic Tall we will only think about how to enjoy Ugg Ultra Short our food, show the delicious food and wine with our friends, UGG Boots Sale or stay at home every day,Uggs and unwilling to move.Christmas is dating, it is said it will snow in Chirismas day, for your health, i think you will begin the most romantic and the most passionate snow trip this winter.Most of people want UGG Boots to go travel at Christmas holiday, others will go hiking, runing, ski, ice- skating,ride bike and so on.The most important Ugg Ultimate Bind thing to do exercise is that you need a good pair of Ugg Bailey Button.
I bought a pair of Cheap Ugg Boots, it is so confortable,you will not feel tired and it can train your mucles when wearing it, it is really a miracle, i will buy it as a Christmas gift for my family.The Ugg Sundance II is not entire. Ugg Classic Cardy often have a synthetic sole, although this Ugg Gypsy Sandal is full with three oversized copse buttons, allowing Ugg Skimmer to be styled buttoned up, slouched down, vaguely unbuttoned, or hurt your ugg boots or ugg slippers. Uggs are manufactured using Double Heat Glue sole gluing technology. The ensures of the sole never comes off the gumboot, which is a shared glitch with many options to shelter your Ugg Sale footwear from effects of dirt and substances containing fats and oils.Uggs is more than just sheepskin boots;Ugg Halendi Sandal has casual shoes, slippers as well as handbags and other accessories. Ugg Classic Short are comfortable,Ugg Nightfall stylish, and great to wear in any occasion. Ugg slippers are warm and comforting and great to wear to bed or just sitting on the couch. Ugg Napoule Sandal Ugg also offers a full line of Ugg Matala Sandal high-quality handbags and backpacks to match your Ugg Classic Argyle Knit. Ugg handbags and backpacks are made from high-quality leather and suede just like their boots and feature a comfortable Discount UGG Boots and fashionable cotton web strap for convenience and style.Best Ugg Classic Tall Stripe for miserly are advertent this acumen Uggs Ugg Mayfaire are acceptable share of added ablaze colors. Ugg Classic Mini is an off colorless or pinks, and for your feet.The Ugg Lo Pro Button is regularly an aerial applicable gumboot, typically advancing up aloft the ankle, and you trust to accept bedraggled actual clearly,Ugg Coquette admitting they are a bendable cossack but they are aerial abundant to look up not a hardwearing cossack like Ugg Classic Crochet a cover cossack though, and all sorts of colors and usually abundant elevated.

 

As we all know that the tenet of Timberland Company is to design the most innovative products on the basis of its excellent creation.So,on our website,we will offer you the Men Timberland Boots with superior quality and the best service,and you can purchase any shoes here without any worry.Our Timberland Boots did very well , Timberland make you much more comfortable when you are outside work or walk-and, Timberland Work Boots on a rainy day when also waterproof, let your foot is not wet.Timberland Company's credo is to create centres of excellence, and designed by the world's most innovative products. This Cheap Timberland Work Boots was established in 1918 Boston company start-up is a specialized shoe company. In 1955, the company's founder Nathan Swartz acquisition of Abington shoe company, and later in the Decade growing to be one of the most successful shoe company. In the 1960s, Timberland Boots Sale take unique shoe technology to produce the world's first pair of Timberland Boots Online and shoe without sutures shoes, sole and upper full cast-in, creating a true waterproof shoes.Timberland 6 Inch Boots is the first modern dengshanxie.Women Timberland Boots Many professional backpackers choose to purchase the Timberland boots is exactly like Timberland shoes of this functionality is used in the sport shoes or ordinary. General tourists tend to pay more attention to the comfort, and Timberlands Shoes on shoes of waterproof breathable concern.It 's important to be careful when trying to remove stains classic Timberland boots, otherwise it could ruin the integrity of tissues or even change the color of the stained part of the boot. Timberland is a shoe company that produces outdoor wear.
Want to be a pair of hiking, rock climbing, mountaineering, water sports, ski boots marathon to do, is important to be careful when trying to remove stains from Timberland shoes for men, otherwise Timberland Men's Custom Boots can ruin the integrity fabric or even change the color of the stained shoes Timberland boot.Timberland Men's Roll-Top Boots can be difficult to find but worth the pick search.then Timberland chukka boot is absolutely the best partner for your campaign.

Submitted by sanxin on 1 September, 2010 - 08:01.
Wonderful, useful, colorful ,collection all of this characters are used in Timberland boots. As first boot in boot history, timberland shoes has its unique advantages, it can meet with the need of customers, also in summer mens timberland boots has attractive people to buy these cheap Timberland boots.
Submitted by jewellery on 1 September, 2010 - 04:26.
A lot of people around links of london the globe look at jewelry as something that can add value to their appearance and if quality jewelry links of london is something that you are looking for, Links of London is the place to find it. At you not only find quality jewelry but you also get it at a price that is quite affordable. Moreover the range of jewelry present on the links of london jewellery site is quite wide as well.You can select anything from Sweetie bracelet to Sweetie watch you’ll be amazed at the price you can get one of them. links of london bracelet It is important that the jewelry you buy has the sparkle
Submitted by jewellery on 1 September, 2010 - 04:24.
Do they make you be more attractive? I links of london do not mean that your silver links of london braceletare not fantastic, but the point is do they match with your face shape and hair links of london jewellery style? Check them according to the following tips. The suggestions herein are about how to choose jewelries in the hope that you will links of london bracelet find them useful When choosing jewels, make sure that the jewels are matched with your complexion, dresses, links of london rings personalities, profession, etc.
Submitted by shawnmike12 on 31 August, 2010 - 09:52.
When comparing minterms testking 642-845 the rule is to compare each minterm in one group with testking 642-982 each minterm in the other group. Thus in this example, minterms 1 and 8 in group having testking EX0-101 single 1s are compared with each of the 4 minterms 3, 6, 9 and 12 in the group having testking 640-816 minterms of 2 1s each. Similarly, each of the 4 minterms 3, 6, 9 and 12 are compared testking 70-290 with each of the minterms in the next group having 3 1s, that is, minterms 7, 11, 13 and testking 640-553 14. Finally, each of the minterms 7, 11, 13 and 14 are compared with the minterm 15 in testking 220-702 the last group having all 1s or 4 1s.The results of the comparisons between two minterms testking 642-642 are represented in a separate table. Table 12.4 testking 350-029. The first column lists the minterms that have been compared together testking 642-892 to eliminate common variables. So terms 1 and 3 forms a single term eliminating testking 1Y0-A05 variable C, forming the product termABD. The comparison terms 1 and 3 are marked as testking 83-640 used in table 12.3. Similarly, terms 1 and 9 form a single term eliminating variable A testking 642-524, forming the product termBCD . Both these terms are marked as used in table 12.3 testking 650-177. Similarly, terms 8, 9 eliminate variable D testking E20-001, terms 8, 12 eliminate variable B, terms 3, 7 eliminate variable B and so on. All these terms are marked as used in table 12.3.As a result of comparison a total of 16 , three variable product terms are formed, eliminating a single variable from each term. All the 16 terms are represented in table 12.4. All the minterms in table 12.3 are shown to be used. The exhaustive search for finding prime implicants has not completed. The three variable terms in table 12.4 are compared to eliminate another single variable. All terms that combine to eliminate a variable are represented in table 12.5.
aa
Submitted by qing821 on 31 August, 2010 - 07:28.
Submitted by taoruankj on 30 August, 2010 - 05:27.
To Rip Blu ray, the Blu-ray ripper will be your best choice. Before Convert Blu ray to DVD, just free download Blu-ray to DVD Converter, install to your computer. Insert a Blu Ray disk to drive, and then run Blu Ray to DVD Converter.
Submitted by jewellery on 30 August, 2010 - 05:23.
It is hard for women to resist links of london the temptation of jewelries and women’s jewelry box is like an abysm which is never full. When declaring that We do not want links of london jewellery any linksoflondon jewelries, We may throw many girls into great confusion. In respect that the personal taste and qualities will be revealed if the jewels are properly matched with the dresses. But it is hard for friendship bracelets people to master the tips in choosing jewelries properly. The following are some tips which are in the hope of guiding and giving aid to the Links London Bracelets choosing and matching jewelries.
Submitted by uggs on 30 August, 2010 - 03:40.

This is a pair of Uggs with simple style that contains only two elements,Ugg Mayfaire which are high-heeled and green. The sandals have published in spring and summer fashion show of UGG Boots Sale in 2010. In many beautiful sandals, you may think that this pair of sandals is so common that people can’t pay attention to it. However, the fact is opposite.UGG Boots has attracted many eyes of people successfully.UGG Boots Sale Some people don’t like to wear sandals with high-heeled.Ugg Gypsy Sandal They think it is not comfortable for walking. But this pair of sandals is different. When you wear it, you can feel the pair of sandals is very light and Ugg Sale will make you look higher. Ugg Ultimate Bind In my opinion, many people love it because of the beautiful green color. Green stands for the smell of spring,Ugg Bailey Button and it will make you feel very cool when you wear it in hot summer.Ugg Lo Pro Button Accept for these, I think the most important factor is that, with simple style, you can wear it to fit every piece of clothes. So you can wear it every day.Everyone likes beautiful things, because they can give us a good feeling. This Ugg Classic Mini year, UGG has made a pair of slippers especially for people to wear in spring or in fall. The light green one is my favourite.Ugg Sundance II seems to bring me the smell of spring. In my eyes, Ugg Classic Cardy combines the Ugg Halendi Sandal mature with girl’s youth. The sole is very soft, it is comfortable for you to walk. And the wool can give your foot a warm temperature. Only you wear it, you can experience the wonderful feelings. If Ugg Skimmer you have a light green sleepwear, then you will be perfect. Except for this, I think Ugg Classic Crochet is also a good gift to send friends or relatives, they will like it.On September of 2009, UGG was published the newest product which was amazing all over the world in New York. Ugg Classic Argyle Knitt brought the women shoes, Ugg Persephone Sandal and children shoes of 2010. There are many special designs in this conference.Ugg Bailey Button From the classical design to the fashion design, you can choose what .Ugg Classic Cardy you like better. So, you needn’t worry about that you don't have a special Ugg Nightfall to wear in the spring and summer of 2010. Ugg Classic Short My feet are happy and comfortable,I feel warm all over, which helps me keep up the thermostat. These could be used as street Ugg Matala Sandal, but to save these ministries in the use of the house. I like the below for this purpose, higher boots would probably be too hot in the house.?is a lovely version in miniature of the timeless classic boot. With a reinforced heel, raw seams and signature heel label the high quality and craftsmanship of Ugg footwear is showcased. built for maximum comfort.Ugg Classic Tall Stripe With the shortest height in the Classic Collection, this Ugg Ultra Short shearling boot is perfect for use throughout the year.Ugg Napoule Sandal All with a height less cool Ugg are comfortable,Ugg Coquette a genuine sheepskin double face level with the heel guard.Ugg Classic Tall can be worn both outdoor and indoor. Because it is made of grade A sheepskin and naturally thermostatic and will keep bare feet comfy in temperatures as low as -30°F to as high as 80°F. Designed to be worn barefoot to maximize the benefits of sheepskin.Fleece wicks moisture away and allows air to circulate, keeping feet dry.The Ascot is great in the house as a slipper or equally functional on the street as a shoe. Sheepskin suede Ugg Classic Short in a casual moc style with a stitched toe. Fully lined in soft, warm fleece, with a cushioned comfort insole. Rubber patterned traction outsole with a driving style heel.

123
Submitted by weddingdresses123 on 28 August, 2010 - 07:12.
Shopping Modest Bridal Gowns Modest Bridal Gowns is one of the biggest parts of planning a wedding that Modest Bridal Gowns can be either Modest Bridal Gown fun or very stressful. Summer is almost here and so are the vibrant and pastel colors coming back into the bridesmaid Beach Bridal Gown dress season. It is important to take the weather into consideration when choosing the right. Even though the bride’s Beach Bridal Gowns wedding dress is the Plus Size Bridal Gowns most important of the day, the bridesmaids’ dresses are also pretty significant. Depending on how many bridesmaids you have, the actual process of choosing the dresses will vary. For instance, if you have a Simple Bridal Gown lot of bridesmaids you will probably have to work a bit harder to make sure that they all coordinate with each other. But on the other hand if you only have a small group of bridesmaids you have a much better chance that Sexy Bridal Gowns everyone will be able to agree on a style.Bridesmaid plays an important role in planning the event, be it the bridal shower and the bachelorette party or just contacting guests. May be it is the bride who takes the center stage during Short Bridal Gown her special day. But the dressing style of the bridesmaid also adds on to the elegance of the wedding dress of the bride. Vintage Bridal Gowns The bridesmaid along with her wedding bridesmaid dresses augments a unique décor of the entire event. Just like the Designer Bridal Gown variety of styles available there are various different colors in which bridesmaid dresses are available Casual Bridal Gown too.It is also important to match harmoniously with the bride’s dress and the general setting of the occasion. Make sure Classic Bridal Gown to choose such Classic Bridal Gowns a color for the bridesmaid dresses that can match the flowers and accessories that you would be using. Lighter and pastel colored bridesmaids dresses are best suited for spring or summer time wedding ceremony. And if the wedding ceremony takes place during the fall and winter then choose bridesmaid Modest Bridal Gowns Modest Bridal Gowns dresses in darker colors.